IO复用之select

IO复用之select

目录

知识地图

IO复用之select 图1

1.函数介绍

1.1 select函数

 
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int select(int nfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds,
fd_set *exceptfds, struct timeval *timeout);
参数:
nfds:最大文件描述符+1
readfds:读文件描述符集合,可设置为NULL
writefds:写文件描述符集合,可设置为NULL
exceptfds:异常文件描述符集合,可设置为NULL
timeout:超时时间,设置为NULL为阻塞模式
返回值:
成功:返回检测到的文件描述符数量
失败:返回-1,设置errno
超时:返回0

1.2 位图操作函数

 
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
//设置fd对应位图位置为0
void FD_CLR(int fd, fd_set *set);
//判断fd对应位图位置是否为1
int FD_ISSET(int fd, fd_set *set);
//设置fd对应位图位置为1
void FD_SET(int fd, fd_set *set);
//整个位图清零
void FD_ZERO(fd_set *set);

select位图工作原理

IO复用之select 图2

图 1

2.select模型

IO复用之select 图3

图 2

## 3.select示例 ### 3.1 服务端程序
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define LISTEN_BACKLOG (5)
#define BUF_SIZE (1500)
#define ACK_STR "ack ok"
void usage(void) {
    printf("*********************************\n");
    printf("./server 本端ip 本端端口\n");
    printf("*********************************\n");
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
    struct sockaddr_in local;
    struct sockaddr_in peer;
    int sock_fd = 0, new_fd = 0;
    int ret = 0;
    socklen_t addrlen = 0;
    char send_buf[BUF_SIZE] = {0};
    char recv_buf[BUF_SIZE] = {0};
    if (argc != 3) {
        usage();
        return -1;
    }
    char *ip = argv[1];
    unsigned short port = atoi(argv[2]);
    printf("ip:port->%s:%u\n", argv[1], port);
    sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sock_fd == -1) {
        perror("socket error");
        return -1;
    }
    memset(&local, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
    local.sin_family = AF_INET;
    local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip);
    local.sin_port = htons(port);
    ret = bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&local, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
    if (ret == -1) {
        close(sock_fd);
        perror("bind error");
        return -1;
    }
    ret = listen(sock_fd, LISTEN_BACKLOG);
    if (ret == -1) {
        close(sock_fd);
        perror("listen error");
        return -1;
    }
    fd_set rfds;
    fd_set rfds_storage;
    FD_ZERO(&rfds_storage);
    FD_SET(sock_fd, &rfds_storage);
    int max_fd = sock_fd;
    while (1) {
        rfds = rfds_storage;
        struct  timeval tv = {.tv_sec = 5, .tv_usec = 0};
        ret = select(max_fd + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
        if (ret == -1) {
            perror("select error");
            break;
        } else if (ret == 0) {
            printf("select timeout\n");
            continue;
        } else {
            printf("select ok\n");
        }
        for (int fd = 0; fd < max_fd + 1; fd++) {
            if (FD_ISSET(fd, &rfds)) {
                if (fd == sock_fd) {
                    addrlen = sizeof(peer);
                    new_fd = accept(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&peer, &addrlen);
                    if (new_fd == -1) {
                        perror("accept error");
                        continue;
                    }
                    FD_SET(new_fd, &rfds_storage);
                    max_fd = (new_fd <= max_fd) ? max_fd : new_fd;
                    printf("accept success new fd:%d\n", new_fd);
                } else {
                    memset(recv_buf, 0, BUF_SIZE);
                    ret = recv(fd, recv_buf, BUF_SIZE, 0);
                    if (ret <= 0) {
                        close(fd);
                        FD_CLR(fd, &rfds_storage);
                    } else {
                        printf("recv len:%d, %s\n", ret, recv_buf);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    for (int fd = 0; fd < max_fd + 1; fd++) {
        if (FD_ISSET(fd, &rfds)) {
            printf("clsoe fd:%d\n", fd);
            close(fd);
        }
    }
    FD_ZERO(&rfds);
    FD_ZERO(&rfds_storage);
    return 0;
}

3.2 客户端程序

 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define LISTEN_BACKLOG (5)
#define BUF_SIZE (1500)
#define REQUEST_STR "tcp pack"
void usage(void) {
    printf("*********************************\n");
    printf("./client 对端ip 对端端口\n");
    printf("*********************************\n");
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
    struct sockaddr_in client;
    struct sockaddr_in server;
    int sock_fd = 0;
    int ret = 0;
    socklen_t addrlen = 0;
    char send_buf[BUF_SIZE] = {0};
    char recv_buf[BUF_SIZE] = {0};
    if (argc != 3) {
        usage();
        return -1;
    }
    char *ip = argv[1];
    unsigned short port = atoi(argv[2]);
    printf("ip:port->%s:%u\n", argv[1], port);
    sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sock_fd == -1) {
        perror("socket error");
        return -1;
    }
    memset(&server, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
    server.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip);
    server.sin_port = htons(port);
    ret = connect(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&server,
sizeof(struct sockaddr));
    if (ret == -1) {
        close(sock_fd);
        perror("connect error");
        return -1;
    }
    int seq = 0;
    while(1) {
        memset(send_buf, 0, BUF_SIZE);
        sprintf(send_buf, "%s:%d", REQUEST_STR, seq++);
        send(sock_fd, send_buf, strlen(send_buf), 0);
        printf("send %s\n", send_buf);
        sleep(1);
    }
    close(sock_fd);
    return 0;
}

4.重点和难点分析

4.1 如何正确设置读,写,异常集合(位图)?

每次select调用之前,必须重新设置读,写,异常文件描述符集合。 select调用后,读,写,异常文件描述符位图会被内核修改,可分以下两种情况讨论:

情况1:select超时后,会清空读,写,异常文件描述符集合,如果未重新设置读,写,异常文件描述符集合,将无法再次获取文件描述符读,写,异状态,导致无法读写数据。

情况2:select某个文件描述符,因为读,写,异常没有变化,select会清空对应的位图,如果该文件描述符没有在select之前重新设置读,写,异常文件描述符集合,将无法再次获取该文件描述符读,写,异常状态,导致无法读写数据。

4.2 如何正确设置超时时间?

每次select调用之前,需要重新设置超时时间。超时时间随着每次select之后,会相应的减少,直至减少至零,此时select超时失效,所以需每次select之前重新设置超时时间,才能确保能select正常超时。

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